- Rejected the conventional "interoperability" test for derivative works – establishing a more rigorous "substantial incorporation" standard that fundamentally alters copyright infringement analysis
- Articulated a sophisticated multi-factor framework for determining when customers "own" versus merely "license" software copies – a distinction with profound implications for Section 117(a) defenses
- Significantly expanded the protective scope for comparative marketing claims as non-actionable "puffery" – potentially revolutionizing advertising practices under the Lanham Act